第177章 景观设计(2 / 2)
重生在毕业那年
瑞昌成
0 字
2021-12-18
“少而精致?”
“对,少而精致。
在铺装中,应多选用本地材料,石材虽然色彩丰富,品质感强,但价格相对较高,可在少量重要节点处铺装选用石材和木材。为了避免边角料的浪费,石材尽量选用市场上常用规格尺寸模数,铺装形式尽量以规整铺装为主,减少碎拼等不规则铺装,减少人工费,规则铺装比碎拼铺装人工费可以便宜近一倍。石材的规格尺寸一般以300为模数最为经济。石材厚度以3厘米最为经济。局部压顶或者线条位置为实现厚重感,可采用边缘双层石材粘贴的方式。烧结砖、透水砖、水泥砖等铺装材料较石材一般会便宜,通过铺装手法的变化,将这些最常见的材质通过巧妙的搭配,也能创造出良好的景观效果。本项目在集中活动的场地选用深灰、浅灰花岗岩铺装,游步道及其他铺装均采用透水砖,有效节约铺装工程造价。
水景建设成本和后期维护成本均比较高,应尽量减少大面积的水景设计,可只在主次入口或关键节点位置做点式小水景。”
“那具体的点景,要怎么做?”尹云鹏问道。
“景观构筑物如亭子、廊架、大型景墙、雕塑小品等数量和体量需重点控制。构筑物的体量要与其所处空间比例相协调,构筑物的样式要尽量简化,注重细部,采用实用、常规的材料和方便的施工工艺为宜。可以选择价廉的材料,通过设计手法设计出精致的外观,做到精致而低廉。本案例构筑物主要包括景观廊架和入口LOGO景墙及挡土墙、坐墙。本案例在中央景观区设置标志性廊架,在儿童活动区及重点节点设置形式一致的木廊架,通过为数不多的构筑物的分区设置,提升区域的景观趣味性。
在进行绿化种植设计时,选择乡土树种,适地适树。乡土树种适应性强,抗性强,移植、运输费用低,后期养护简单、粗放,养护成本低,且树形、冠形破坏小,种植后即可展现出好的景观效果;从植物的规格配比来看,在绿化种植设计时,选择少量大规格的乔木作为绿化的骨架,大量的常用规格乔木和灌木作为主体绿化苗木,少量的灌木球类、地被植物和多年生植物,与乔木和灌木形成层次,并配置在入口、主景等主要节点,提升整体景观效果。
充分考虑植物生长性、可增值性等特点,预留植物的生长空间,掌握植物的生长空间与种植密度的关系,合理选择苗木数量,还应考虑植物的生长周期,应重视植物的品相、枝叶的形态,适当降低植物的规格,可大大降低绿化成本。在选择苗木的时候,可以提前选苗,选择实生苗为主,注意植物规格,避免选用过大规格的树木。为了快速达到绿树成荫的景观效果,选用大规格的树木,会直接造成成本增加。小区绿地中尽可能加大草坪的面积,草坪占总体景观绿化面积的30%~40%左右较为适宜,合理配置草坪可有效摊薄绿化成本。
天纺二车间地块景观设计要通过绿化种植营造疏密有致的整体空间形态,通过大面积的疏林草地营造较为开阔、视觉通畅的空间。
健身娱乐设施、休息设施、宣传栏、导示牌、垃圾桶、LOGO等景观设施的设计和选择首先要考虑实用性和功能性,考虑未来低维护成本,对景观设计要求坚固耐用。
照明设计中,沿着主路设置庭院灯,中心景观区设置少量的景观灯,在宅间绿地的草坪上用草坪灯照明,减少了灯具的投入,并营造出夜间安静的效果。在灯具选用设计中,使用LED节能灯具。”叶婉一边看着规划图,一边说道。
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